GPR surveys in enclosed underground sewer pipe space

To identify voids around underground concrete sewer pipes, a few studies have introduced conducting in-pipe Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) inspection systems along the pipes. However, less research has focused on studying implications of emission, propagation, and reception electromagnetic waves in enclosed environment pipes their subsequent impact resulting radargrams. We defined simulation scenarios where we examine influence longitudinal rotational survey types, antenna frequency, air–gap between wall, separation, pipe wall’s mirroring effect Our results encourage practical considerations for designing GPR surveys outline steps automating surveys.